Key Takeaways
- According to FDIC records, 3,526 US banks and savings institutions have failed since 1934, 36 of them since the start of 2016.
- 3 of the 5 largest failures by assets came in 2023; the largest on record is Washington Mutual Bank, with $307 billion when it failed on September 25, 2008.
- The busiest year was 1989, with 530 failures; 5 years since 2001 had none.
- Every failure since October 1, 2000 is checked against the FDIC's own failed bank list, which matches BankFind failure for failure.
According to FDIC records, 3,526 US banks and savings institutions have failed since 1934, and 3 of the 5 largest of those failures, measured by assets, came in a single year: 2023. The largest on record is Washington Mutual Bank, with $307 billion in assets when it failed on September 25, 2008. Since the start of 2016, 36 banks have failed, 6 of them in 2026 so far; the most recent, Nano Banc of Irvine, CA, closed on September 25, 2026.
Every failure here is from the FDIC's own records, and every one since October 1, 2000 appears on both the FDIC's BankFind data and its failed bank list.
Every US bank failure since 2016
Newest first. Total assets and deposits are from the last Call Report or Thrift Financial Report the bank filed before it failed. The estimated loss is the FDIC's, as of July 31, 2026; "not published in BankFind" means BankFind carries no loss estimate for that failure.
| Closed | Bank | Location | Total assets | Deposits | Estimated loss | Acquirer | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| September 25, 2026 | Nano Banc | Irvine, CA | not yet in BankFind | not yet in BankFind | not yet in BankFind | Sunwest Bank | FDIC |
| August 21, 2026 | Tioga-Franklin Savings Bank | Philadelphia, PA | not yet in BankFind | not yet in BankFind | not yet in BankFind | Second Federal Savings and Loan Association of Philadelphia | FDIC |
| July 17, 2026 | Small Business Bank | Lenexa, KS | $73 million | $69 million | $6 million | The Farmers State Bank of Oakley, Kansas | FDIC |
| July 10, 2026 | Kentland Federal Savings and Loan Association | Kentland, IN | $4 million | $4 million | $1 million | Kentland Bank | FDIC |
| May 1, 2026 | Community Bank and Trust - West Georgia | LaGrange, GA | $306 million | $296 million | $97 million | Anchor Bank | FDIC |
| January 30, 2026 | Metropolitan Capital Bank & Trust | Chicago, IL | $261 million | $212 million | $20 million | First Independence Bank | FDIC |
| June 27, 2025 | The Santa Anna National Bank | Santa Anna, TX | $77 million | $71 million | $10 million | Coleman County State Bank | FDIC |
| January 17, 2025 | Pulaski Savings Bank | Chicago, IL | $49 million | $43 million | $32 million | Millennium Bank | FDIC |
| October 18, 2024 | The First National Bank of Lindsay | Lindsay, OK | $108 million | $98 million | $45 million | First Bank & Trust Co. | FDIC |
| April 26, 2024 | Republic First Bank dba Republic Bank | Philadelphia, PA | $5.9 billion | $4.4 billion | $710 million | Fulton Bank, National Association | FDIC |
| November 3, 2023 | Citizens Bank | Sac City, IA | $60 million | $52 million | $12 million | Iowa Trust & Savings Bank | FDIC |
| July 28, 2023 | Heartland Tri-State Bank | Elkhart, KS | $139 million | $130 million | $43 million | Dream First Bank, N.A. | FDIC |
| May 1, 2023 | First Republic Bank | San Francisco, CA | $213 billion | $176 billion | $15.5 billion | JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. | FDIC |
| March 12, 2023 | Signature Bank | New York, NY | $110 billion | $88.6 billion | not published in BankFind | Flagstar Bank, N.A. | FDIC |
| March 10, 2023 | Silicon Valley Bank | Santa Clara, CA | $209 billion | $175 billion | $18.7 billion | FirstCitizens Bank & Trust Company | FDIC |
| October 23, 2020 | Almena State Bank | Almena, KS | $66 million | $65 million | $16 million | Equity Bank | FDIC |
| October 16, 2020 | First City Bank of Florida | Fort Walton Beach, FL | $137 million | $134 million | $7 million | United Fidelity Bank, fsb | FDIC |
| April 3, 2020 | The First State Bank | Barboursville, WV | $152 million | $143 million | $44 million | MVB Bank, Inc. | FDIC |
| February 14, 2020 | Ericson State Bank | Ericson, NE | $101 million | $95 million | $23 million | Farmers and Merchants Bank | FDIC |
| November 1, 2019 | City National Bank of New Jersey | Newark, NJ | $121 million | $111 million | $1 million | Industrial Bank | FDIC |
| October 25, 2019 | Louisa Community Bank | Louisa, KY | $28 million | $25 million | $4 million | Kentucky Farmers Bank Corporation | FDIC |
| October 25, 2019 | Resolute Bank | Maumee, OH | $23 million | $23 million | $2 million | Buckeye State Bank | FDIC |
| May 31, 2019 | The Enloe State Bank | Cooper, TX | $37 million | $31 million | $18 million | Legend Bank, N. A. | FDIC |
| December 15, 2017 | Washington Federal Bank for Savings | Chicago, IL | $166 million | $144 million | $75 million | Royal Savings Bank | FDIC |
| October 13, 2017 | The Farmers and Merchants State Bank of Argonia | Argonia, KS | $33 million | $27 million | $280,365 | Conway Bank | FDIC |
| May 26, 2017 | Fayette County Bank | Saint Elmo, IL | $34 million | $34 million | $8 million | United Fidelity Bank, fsb | FDIC |
| May 5, 2017 | Guaranty Bank, (d/b/a BestBank in Georgia & Michigan) | Milwaukee, WI | $1.0 billion | $1.0 billion | $132 million | First-Citizens Bank & Trust Company | FDIC |
| April 28, 2017 | First NBC Bank | New Orleans, LA | $3.3 billion | $3.0 billion | $722 million | Whitney Bank | FDIC |
| March 3, 2017 | Proficio Bank | Cottonwood Heights, UT | $68 million | $65 million | $10 million | Cache Valley Bank | FDIC |
| January 27, 2017 | Seaway Bank and Trust Company | Chicago, IL | $298 million | $257 million | $44 million | State Bank of Texas | FDIC |
| January 13, 2017 | Harvest Community Bank | Pennsville, NJ | $124 million | $122 million | $22 million | First-Citizens Bank & Trust Company | FDIC |
| September 23, 2016 | Allied Bank | Mulberry, AR | $66 million | $65 million | $6 million | Today's Bank | FDIC |
| August 19, 2016 | The Woodbury Banking Company | Woodbury, GA | $21 million | $21 million | $3 million | United Bank | FDIC |
| May 6, 2016 | First CornerStone Bank | King of Prussia, PA | $103 million | $101 million | $11 million | First-Citizens Bank & Trust Company | FDIC |
| April 29, 2016 | Trust Company Bank | Memphis, TN | $19 million | $20 million | $10 million | The Bank of Fayette County | FDIC |
| March 11, 2016 | North Milwaukee State Bank | Milwaukee, WI | $67 million | $61 million | $12 million | First-Citizens Bank & Trust Company | FDIC |
Download every failure since 2016 (CSV), free. The full dataset, every failure since 1934 with its insurer and transaction type, is one email away.
"Not yet in BankFind" marks a failure that is on the FDIC's failed bank list but not yet in its BankFind data, whose latest failure is dated July 17, 2026. 2 failures are in that position, and this page shows their size once BankFind carries them.
Bank failures by year since 2001
| Year | Failures | Total assets | Estimated loss, where published |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 (to date) | 6 | $644 million (2 not yet in BankFind) | $124 million |
| 2025 | 2 | $126 million | $42 million |
| 2024 | 2 | $6.0 billion | $755 million |
| 2023 | 5 | $532 billion | $34.3 billion |
| 2022 | 0 | none | none |
| 2021 | 0 | none | none |
| 2020 | 4 | $455 million | $90 million |
| 2019 | 4 | $209 million | $25 million |
| 2018 | 0 | none | none |
| 2017 | 8 | $5.1 billion | $1.0 billion |
| 2016 | 5 | $277 million | $42 million |
| 2015 | 8 | $6.7 billion | $847 million |
| 2014 | 18 | $2.9 billion | $375 million |
| 2013 | 24 | $6.0 billion | $1.2 billion |
| 2012 | 51 | $11.6 billion | $2.4 billion |
| 2011 | 92 | $34.9 billion | $6.4 billion |
| 2010 | 157 | $92.1 billion | $15.8 billion |
| 2009 | 140 | $170 billion | $25.8 billion |
| 2008 | 25 | $372 billion | $17.7 billion |
| 2007 | 3 | $2.6 billion | $157 million |
| 2006 | 0 | none | none |
| 2005 | 0 | none | none |
| 2004 | 4 | $170 million | $4 million |
| 2003 | 3 | $947 million | $63 million |
| 2002 | 11 | $2.9 billion | $415 million |
| 2001 | 4 | $1.8 billion | $292 million |
In that span, 5 years had no bank failure at all: 2005, 2006, 2018, 2021 and 2022.
The 10 largest bank failures on record
Measured by total assets in the last report before the failure, in dollars of the day. The figures are not adjusted for inflation.
| Rank | Bank | Location | Failed | Total assets | Estimated loss | Insurer | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Washington Mutual Bank | Henderson, NV | September 25, 2008 | $307 billion | not published in BankFind | DIF | FDIC |
| 2 | First Republic Bank | San Francisco, CA | May 1, 2023 | $213 billion | $15.5 billion | DIF | FDIC |
| 3 | Silicon Valley Bank | Santa Clara, CA | March 10, 2023 | $209 billion | $18.7 billion | DIF | FDIC |
| 4 | Signature Bank | New York, NY | March 12, 2023 | $110 billion | not published in BankFind | DIF | FDIC |
| 5 | IndyMac Bank | Pasadena, CA | July 11, 2008 | $30.7 billion | $12.0 billion | DIF | FDIC |
| 6 | Colonial Bank | Montgomery, AL | August 14, 2009 | $25.5 billion | $2.4 billion | DIF | FDIC |
| 7 | First Republicbank-Dallas, N.A. | Dallas, TX | July 29, 1988 | $17.1 billion | $2.0 billion | FDIC | FDIC |
| 8 | Guaranty Bank | Austin, TX | August 21, 2009 | $13.5 billion | not published in BankFind | DIF | FDIC |
| 9 | Bank Of New England, National Assoc | Boston, MA | January 6, 1991 | $13.4 billion | $573 million | BIF | FDIC |
| 10 | Gibraltar Savings, FA | Simi Valley, CA | March 31, 1989 | $13.4 billion | $95 million | RTC | FDIC |
The longer view
| Decade | Failures | Total assets, where published | Failures with an estimated loss |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1930s | 312 | $105 million | 0 of 312 |
| 1940s | 99 | $72 million | 0 of 99 |
| 1950s | 28 | $67 million | 0 of 28 |
| 1960s | 44 | $329 million | 0 of 44 |
| 1970s | 75 | $8.0 billion | 0 of 75 |
| 1980s | 1,466 | $268 billion | 1,423 of 1,466 |
| 1990s | 919 | $395 billion | 875 of 919 |
| 2000s | 197 | $550 billion | 187 of 197 |
| 2010s | 367 | $160 billion | 363 of 367 |
| 2020s (to date) | 19 | $539 billion | 16 of 19 |
- According to FDIC data, the busiest single year was 1989, with 530 failures, and the busiest decade was the 1980s, with 1,466, or 42% of every failure since 1934.
- The FDIC's records include savings institutions whose failures were handled by the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation, through 1989, and by the Resolution Trust Corporation, from 1989 to 1995, as its field definitions describe.
- The FDIC publishes an estimated loss for 2,864 of the 3,526 failures. Its documentation says comprehensive loss data are not available for FDIC-insured failures before 1986 or for FSLIC-insured failures through 1988.
What this means for technology buyers
According to FDIC data, 95% of the 576 failures since 2001 ended with another bank taking over the failed bank's deposits. For that bank, a failure arrives as an acquisition: accounts, data and customers to bring onto its own systems. For every other bank, the same record is a case for watching deposits, liquidity and the reports that show them. These guides cover the systems involved:
- Deposit management platforms: pricing, retaining and reporting on the deposit base.
- Regulatory reporting platforms for Basel compliance: capital and liquidity reporting.
- Financial BI and dashboarding for bank executives: the figures a board and a supervisor ask for, in one place.
- Cloud-based core banking systems: the core an acquiring bank converts a failed bank's accounts onto.
Mapping what a bank does before changing the systems behind it? The Retail Banking Business Architecture Toolkit gives a capability model, value streams and an information model to work from.
More from Finantrix Atlas
- US bank mergers: every deal in the past year
- Largest banks in the US, ranked by total assets
- Largest community banks in the US
How this list was built
The universe is every record in the FDIC's BankFind failures data whose resolution type is a failure, from 1934 to October 24, 2026. The same data carries 593 assistance transactions, in which the institution stayed open; they are not failures and are not counted. Each failure is dated by the FDIC's effective date, the day the institution stopped operating as a privately held going concern.
The FDIC also publishes a failed bank list covering every failure since October 1, 2000. Each of its 578 entries was matched to BankFind by FDIC certificate and closing date, and each match carries the same FDIC receivership number. 576 entries are in BankFind, and every BankFind failure since that date is on the list. The other 2 closed after BankFind's latest failure and are counted from the list alone.
A failure "passed its deposits to another bank" when the FDIC records a purchase and assumption or an insured deposit transfer; a payout, in which the FDIC paid depositors directly, did not. Names and acquirers since 2001 are as the failed bank list prints them; earlier names are BankFind's.
Limits
- Failures, not near-failures. Banks that were rescued, merged before failing or given open-bank assistance are not counted, and nothing here measures how close a bank came.
- Size is in dollars of the day. Assets and losses are not adjusted for inflation, so failures decades apart cannot be compared directly on size. 151 failures, mostly from the earliest decades, have no published size.
- Some failures have no loss estimate. BankFind carries no estimated loss for some failures, including 3 of the 10 largest on record and 1 of the failures since 2016. Where its field is blank or zero, the page shows "not published in BankFind" and leaves the failure out of every loss total, so a total covers only the failures with a published estimate.
- The estimated loss is an estimate. It is the FDIC's figure as of July 31, 2026 and changes as receiverships are wound down. It does not include interest, and before the Deposit Insurance Fund existed it was a loss to whichever fund insured the bank.
- No causes. The FDIC's failure records do not state why a bank failed, and this page does not either.
- Data date. Records read on October 24, 2026. A failure after that date is not here.
Cite this
Free to quote, cite and republish, including the chart, with credit to Finantrix Atlas and a link to this page.
3,526 US banks and savings institutions have failed since 1934, according to a Finantrix Atlas analysis of FDIC records through October 24, 2026.
3 of the 5 largest US bank failures on record, by assets, came in 2023, according to Finantrix Atlas, from FDIC data.
Suggested citation: Finantrix Atlas, "US Bank Failures," data through October 24, 2026, from FDIC BankFind and the FDIC Failed Bank List. https://www.finantrix.com/articles/bank-failures
Embed the chart:
<a href="https://www.finantrix.com/articles/bank-failures"><img src="https://www.finantrix.com/atlas/bank-failures.png" alt="US bank failures by decade, from Finantrix Atlas"></a>
<p>Chart: <a href="https://www.finantrix.com/articles/bank-failures">Finantrix Atlas</a>, from FDIC records.</p>
Frequently asked questions
Q: How many banks have failed in the US? A: 3,526 banks and savings institutions have failed since 1934, according to FDIC records through October 24, 2026, not counting 593 assistance transactions in which the institution stayed open.
Q: How many banks have failed in 2026? A: 6, according to the FDIC, through October 24, 2026. The most recent was Nano Banc of Irvine, CA, on September 25, 2026.
Q: What was the largest bank failure in US history? A: Measured by total assets, Washington Mutual Bank, with $307 billion when it failed on September 25, 2008, according to FDIC data. Assets are in dollars of the day.
Q: Which year had the most bank failures? A: 1989, with 530 failures, according to FDIC records. The 1980s had 1,466, more than any other decade.
Q: What is the FDIC's estimated loss on a failed bank? A: The FDIC defines it as the difference between what the insurance fund paid out to cover insured depositors and what it expects to recover from the failed bank's assets. It is revised as each receivership is wound down; these figures are as of July 31, 2026.
Download the data
The 36 rows on this page (CSV), free. The full dataset has all 3,526 rows, as of October 24, 2026; we email you a link.
Frequently Asked Questions
How many banks have failed in the US?
3,526 banks and savings institutions have failed since 1934, according to FDIC records through October 24, 2026, not counting 593 assistance transactions in which the institution stayed open.
How many banks have failed in 2026?
6, according to the FDIC, through October 24, 2026. The most recent was Nano Banc of Irvine, CA, on September 25, 2026.
What was the largest bank failure in US history?
Measured by total assets, Washington Mutual Bank, with $307 billion when it failed on September 25, 2008, according to FDIC data. Assets are in dollars of the day.
Which year had the most bank failures?
1989, with 530 failures, according to FDIC records. The 1980s had 1,466, more than any other decade.
What is the FDIC's estimated loss on a failed bank?
The FDIC defines it as the difference between what the insurance fund paid out to cover insured depositors and what it expects to recover from the failed bank's assets. It is revised as each receivership is wound down; these figures are as of July 31, 2026.